Rhabdomyolysis: The Silent Threat in Dogs to Watch Out For

Rhabdomyolysis is a condition characterized by the rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle, leading to the release of myoglobin into the bloodstream in large quantities. Myoglobin is then excreted through urine. If not treated promptly, this condition can lead to severe complications such as acute kidney failure.

This condition is commonly observed in dogs that engage in excessive physical activity or strenuous exercise, especially those unaccustomed to such activities or exposed to extreme heat.

Common Causes of Rhabdomyolysis
1. Overexertion
Dogs that engage in prolonged play, running, or jumping without prior conditioning are at high risk for this condition.
2. Genetic Predisposition
Certain breeds, such as Labradors or breeds commonly used for outdoor activities, may have a higher risk.
3. Electrolyte Imbalance
Deficiency or excess of minerals such as potassium, calcium, and sodium can affect muscle function.
4. Heat Stroke
Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can damage muscle tissues.

Observable Symptoms
- Lethargy and weakness
- Dark brown urine
- Swollen or inflamed muscles, sometimes accompanied by fever
- Difficulty walking or refusal to walk

Diagnosis
Veterinarians will perform blood and urine tests to identify abnormalities such as:
- Presence of myoglobin in the urine
- Elevated creatine kinase (CK) enzyme levels
- Imbalances in electrolytes

Potential Complications
One of the most serious complications is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which can result from the toxic effects of myoglobin on the kidneys or reduced blood flow to the kidneys due to low blood pressure.

Treatment
- Intravenous Fluid Therapy
Administering fluids helps reduce the risk of kidney failure and facilitates the excretion of myoglobin through urine.
- Anti-inflammatory and Antibiotic Medications
These are used to reduce muscle inflammation and prevent infections.
- Cold Compresses
Applied to reduce swelling and inflammation in affected muscles.
- Rest
Dogs must avoid strenuous activities to allow muscles to recover.

Care and Prevention
- Avoid overexerting your dog beyond its physical capacity.
- Avoid outdoor activities in extreme heat.
- Provide proper nutrition suited to your dog’s breed and age.
- Schedule regular health check-ups with a veterinarian at Erawan Pet Hospital to assess risks and detect potential conditions early.

Rhabdomyolysis, though not commonly known among pet owners, is a condition that requires close monitoring and timely treatment. If your dog exhibits unusual symptoms, it is essential to consult a veterinarian at Erawan Animal Hospital for accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.

At Erawan Pet Hospital, our team of expert veterinarians and state-of-the-art equipment is ready to provide the best care for your beloved pets.